Calendar of Holidays and Festivals in Japan

JANUARY 1: Ganjitsu (New Year's Day)

People pay their respects and pray for good fortune at the famous shrines. Factories shut down and businesses close, but shops and trains stay open all night. Women do up their hair in traditional Edo style, and old stories are told. In Tokyo, the temple bells (Joya-no-kane) ring out the 108 delusions of worldly passion as the old year dies.

JANUARY 3: Tamaseseri (Ball Catching Festival)

Hakozakigu Shrine, Fukuoka City, Syushu. Two groups of youths struggle to catch a sacred wooden ball which will bring good luck to the winning team.

JANUARY 6: Dezome-shiki (New Year Parade of Firemen)

In Tokyo, agile firemen in traditional attire perform acrobatic stunts on top of bamboo ladders.

JANUARY 7: Usokae (Bullfinch Exchange Festival)

Priests of the Dazaifu Temmangu Shrine give away "good luck" bullfinches of gilt wood. They are passed from hand to hand in the dim light of a small bonfire.

JANUARY 9-11: Toka Ebisu (Festival of Imamiya Ebisu Shrine)

Ebisu is the patron deity of business and good fortune. Women in colorful kimonos process through the main streets in palanquins.

JANUARY 15: Coming of Age Day, National Holiday

JANUARY 15: Toshi-ya (Traditional Japanese archery contest)

Participants from different parts of Japan wear traditional attire and shoot arrows at a target.

JANUARY 15: Seijin-no hi (Adult's Day)

JANUARY 15: Grass Fire on Wakakusayama Hill, Nara

Commemorates burning of this hill to end a boundary dispute between two temples which occurred over ten centuries ago. Fireworks streak through the sky.

JANUARY 17: Bonden (Festival at Miyoshi Shrine)

Young men carry symbols of the Creative God to the shrine.

FEBRUARY 3 or 4: Setsubun (Bean Throwing Festival)

Marks the last day of winter. People crowd temple grounds to participate in a traditional ceremony of throwing beans to drive away imaginary devils, shouting "Fortune in, Devils out!"

FEBRUARY 3: Lantern Festival of Kasuga Shrine, Nara

More than 3,000 lanterns are lit and hung from buildings.

FEBRUARY 5-11: Snow Festival at Sapporo, Hokkaido

Elaborate figures are sculpted in snow along the main thoroughfare.

FEBRUARY 11: Kenkoku Kinen-no hi (National Founding Day)

THIRD WEEKEND IN FEBRUARY: Kamakura

Children make snow houses called Kamakura in which they enshrine the God of Water and hold parties.

FEBRUARY 17-20: Emburi

A harvest festival from Hachinohe, Aomori Pref.

MARCH 1-14: Omizutori (Waterdrawing Festival of Todaiji, Nara)

MARCH 3: Hinamatsuri (Doll Festival)

This is a special festival for girls. A set of "Hina" dolls and miniature household articles are arranged on a tier of shelves covered with bright red cloth. The dolls consist of the Emperor and Empress in ancient costumes, their ministers and other dignitaries, court ladies, and musicians.

MID-MARCH: Sagicho (Festival of Himura Shrine)

Gaily decorated floats parade through the streets. On the last day of the festival the floats are burned in the shrine precincts, surrounded by dancing devotees.

MID-LATE MARCH: Fire Festival of Mt. Aso

This festival features "Hifuri Shinji" or Fire Torch Swinging, "Noyaki" or Grassfire, and "Takigi Noh" or torch light Noh Performance.

MARCH 20 or 21: Shunbun-no hi (Vernal Equinox Day)

All Buddhist temples throughout the country hold special services, and people pray for the souls of the departed.

APRIL 8: Hana Matsuri (Floral Festival)

Buddha's birthday celebration. A small image of Buddha is displayed and sweet tea called Amacha is poured over the image as an expression of devotion.

SECOND SUNDAY - THIRD SUNDAY: Kamakura Matsuri

This festival is marked by various events reminiscent of great characters in history. There are elegantly performed sacred dances, a mikoshi parade and "yabusame" or horseback archery.

APRIL 14-15: Takayama Matsuri

This festival, said to date back to the 15th century, features a gala procession of gorgeous floats.

APRIL 29: Midori-no hi (Greenery Day)

MAY 3: Kenpou Kinenbi (Constitution Memorial Day)

MAY 3-4: Hakata Dontaku

People disguised as legendary gods on horseback parade through the streets to the accompaniment of "samisen," flutes and drums.

MAY 3-5: Kite Battles at Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref.

Huge kites are flown by groups of citizens, who try to cut the strings of their opponents' kites by skillful maneuvering.

MAY 4: Kokumin-no Kyuujitsu (National People's Day)

MAY 5: Kodomo-no hi (Children's Day)

MAY 11-12: Takigi Noh

Noh Plays are presented after dark to late evening, on a stage set up in the precincts of the temple, under the light of blazing torches.

MAY 11 - OCTOBER 15: Cormorant Fishing on the Nagara River, Gifu Pref.

Cormorant fishing is an ancient method of using trained birds to catch "ayu", a troutlike fish. It takes place at night under the light of blazing torches fastened to the prows of fishing boats.

AROUND MAY 15: Aoi Matsuri (Hollyhock Festival)

Features a magnificent pageant reminiscent of the Imperial procession that paid homage to the shrines in ancient times.

MAY 17-18: Grand Festival of Toshogu Shrine

A centuries-old festival that features a gala parade with over 1,000 armor-clad people escorting three shrine palanquins through the town streets.

AROUND THE 18: Sanja Matsuri

Nearly 100 mikoshi portable shrines carried by happi-coated men and women, assemble at the shrine to begin their parade. The pageant consists of over 1,000 participants in traditional attire performing "sanja-bayashi," festival music, "geisha," and "kiyari."

THIRD SUNDAY in MAY: Mifune Matsuri (Boat Festival)

Held on the Oi River in suburban Kyoto, it celebrates the Heian Period (794-1192) when the Emperor and his courtiers took pleasure trips on the river.

JUNE 1-2: Takagi Noh

Open-air performances by the various Noh schools are presented after dark under the light of blazing torches.

JUNE 14: Rice-planting festival at Sumiyoshi Shrine, Osaka

Twelve selected girls ceremoniously transplant rice-seedlings in the shrine's paddyfield accompanied by music and rice-planting folk songs.

JUNE 15: Chagu-Chagu Umakko (Horse Festival)

Colorfully decorated horses are led by their owners to Sozen Shrine where the owners pray for the longevity of their horses.

JUNE 10-16: Sanno (Festival of Hie Shrine)

This festival originated in the Edo Period (1603-1867) and features a procession of mikoshi portable shrines through Tokyo.

JULY 1-15: Hakata Yamagasa

A fleet of giant Yamagasa floats are pulled along or shouldered by youngsters through the streets. The floats carry decorations representing castles, halls, and dolls.

JULY 7: Tanabata (Star Festival)

As an offering to the stars, Vega and Altair, who meet across the Milky Way, children set up bamboo branches to which colorful strips of paper bearing their wishes are tied.

JULY 13-15: Bon Festival

Sometimes celebrated in August, religious rites are held throughout the country in memory of the dead who, according to Buddhist belief, revisit the earth during this period. Lanterns are lit and Bon Odori folk dances are offered to comfort the souls.

JULY 14: Nachi Himatsuri (Fire Festival of Nachi Shrine)

Twelve giant torches are carried by white-robed priests.

MID-JULY - EARLY SEPTEMBER: Gujo Odori

One of the most popular folk dances, attracting thousands.

JULY 17: Gion Matsuri

Festival dates back to the 9th century when the head priest of the Yasaka Shrine led a procession of men and women to escort decorated palanquins seeking protection from the gods against the pestilence that was ravaging the city.

JULY 23-24: Summer Festival

Many mikoshi cross the river accompanied by hundreds of people with torches in their hands. Togyu, or bull fighting, and a fireworks display are also held.

JULY 23-25: Soma Nomaoi (Wild Horse Chasing)

A thousand riders in ancient armor vie for three shrine flags set up on the plain. Men in white costumes try to catch the wild horses chased into an enclosure by the horsemen.

JULY 24-25: Tenjin Matsuri

A fleet of sacred boats bear shrine palanquins and historical images down the river.

JULY (usually): Kangensai (Music Festival)

Brightly decorated sacred boats are towed from the large red-painted "torii" gate standing in the sea across the channel to the opposite shore. On the boats court music and dances are performed.

LAST SATURDAY IN JULY: Fireworks display on the Sumida River, Asakusa, Tokyo

The grandest one of its kind in Tokyo.

AUGUST 1-7: Nebuta Matsuri and Neputa Matsuri

Papier-mache dummies representing men, animals, and birds are placed on carriages and pulled through the streets.

AUGUST 4-7: Kanto Matsuri

A festival to invoke divine help for a properous autumnal harvest. Young men try to balance "kanto," long bamboo poles hung with lighted lanterns, on their hands, foreheads, and shoulders.

AUGUST 6: Peace Ceremony in Hiroshima

A ceremony held in memory of the A-bomb victims, with prayers for world peace. In the evening, thousands of lighted lanterns are set adrift on the Ota River.

AUGUST 6-8: Hanagasa Matsuri (Floral Sedge-hat Festival)

More than 10,000 townspeople dance through the city's main streets, each wearing a low round sedge-hat adorned with artificial flowers.

AUGUST 12-15: Awa Odori

A festival of singing and dancing; groups of musicians in fancy attire parade on the streets.

AUGUST 15-16: Yamaga Toro

A parade of Toro Odori dances are performed by women wearing yukata. Each has a lit lantern on her head as she parades through the main streets.

AUGUST 16: Daimonji (Bonfire on Mt. Nyoigadke, Kyoto)

A bonfire in the shape of the Chinese character DAI (meaning large) is lit near the summit.

AUGUST 26-27: Lantern Festival of Suwa Shrine

Great paper lanterns painted with colorful designs are lit in the shrine.

SEPTEMBER 1-3: Owara Kaze-no Bon

Folk dances are presented in the evenings.

SEPTEMBER 15: Keirou-no hi (Respect-for-the-Aged Day)

SEPTEMBER 16: Yabusame

Sport of horseback archery recalls feudal days when samurai warriors competed in horsemanship and archery.

MID-SEPTEMBER: Oyama-Mairi

Mt. Iwaki, known as Tsugaru Fuji because it resembles Mt. Fuji, is considered a sacred place by local people, who march to the shrine on this day.

SEPTEMBER 23 or 24: Shuubun-no hi (Autumn Equinox Day)

OCTOBER 7-9: Okunchi (Festival of Suwa Shrine, Nagasaki)

This festival includes a parade of floats of Chinese origin including kawa-boko carts, lavishly decked with umbrella-shaped decorations. Colorful dances of Chinese origin are also performed.

OCTOBER 8-10: Marimo Matsuri in Hokkaido

Marimo is a spherical green weed. On the 9th Ainu dances are performed on the lakeshore, and on the 10th the weeds are ceremoniously thrown into the water.

OCTOBER 9-10: Takayama Matsuri

This festival dates back to the 15th century and is noted for a procession of floats.

OCTOBER 10: Taiiku-no hi (Sports Day)

OCTOBER 12-13: Oeshiki (Festival of Hommonji Temple, Tokyo)

Celebrated in commemoration of the Buddhist leader Nichiren (1222-1282). People march toward the temple carrying large lanterns decorated with paper flowers.

OCTOBER 14-15: Mega Kenka Matsuri (Roughhouse Festival)

Shrine palanquins jostle each other, and the bearers vie to show their skill in managing them.

OCTOBER 17: Autumn Festival of Toshogu Shrine, Nikko

A palanquin is carried from the main shrine to the sacred place called Otabisho, escorted by armor-clad parishioners.

OCTOBER 22: Jidai Matsuri (Festival of Eras)

Held to commemorate the founding of the old capital city of Kyoto in 794, it features a procession of over 2,000 people in groups. Picturesque costumes represent important epochs in the city's history.

OCTOBER 22: Fire Festival of Yuki Shrine

Long rows of torches placed along the street leading to the shrine are set on fire and gaily dressed children march to the shrine holding burning torches.

NOVEMBER 3: Bunka-no hi (Culture Day)

NOVEMBER 3: Daimyo Gyoretsu

A long parade passes along the old Tokaido Highway lined on both sides with tall cryptomeria trees.

NOVEMBER 2-4: Okunchi

Parade of huge colorful floats pulled along the streets by young men in uniforms.

NOVEMBER 15: Shichi-go san (Children's Shrine Visiting Day)

Literally means seven-five-three, and children of these ages, all dressed in their best, are taken to the shrines by their parents to express thanks for their good health and to pray for future blessings.

NOVEMBER 23: Kinrou Kansha-no hi (Labor Thanksgiving Day)

USUALLY HELD IN NOVEMBER: Tori-no-ichi (Rooster Fair)

Kumade or bamboo rakes adorned with ornaments symbolizing good fortune are sold.

DECEMBER 2-3: Chichibu Yo-matsuri (All-night Festival)

One of the three grandest float festivals in Japan, featuring a parade of six huge, lantern-lit floats, fireworks, and a local Kabuki Play.

DECEMBER 14: Gishi-sai

Memorial celebration of the famous vendetta carried out by the 47 Ronin (masterless samurai) of Ako in 1702.

DECEMBER 17-19: Hagoita Ichi (Battledore Fair)

DECEMBER 17: On-Matsuri

Festival marked by a gala procession of people masquerading as courtiers, retainers, and wrestlers of ancient times.

DECEMBER 23: Tennou Tanjoubi (Emperor's Birthday)

DECEMBER 31: Namahage

Groups of Namahage, men disguised as devils, make door-to-door visits, growling, "Any good- for-nothing fellows hereabouts?"

DECEMBER 31: Okera Mairi

At midnight a sacred fire is kindled in the shrine precincts, and each workshiper tries to take some of the sparks home to cook the first meal of the new year.


compiled from on-line sources by Rebecca Arkenberg for the North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts.

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